chiaselahanhphuc03

Chủ Nhật, 10 tháng 11, 2013

UNIT 2: GOVERNANCE AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION

REVIEW OF UNIT 1

Activity 1: Groupwork

What is/are the difference(s) between administration and public administration?

Activity 2: Vocabulary revision

List any words that describe public administration:

government

Pronunciation practice: Read aloud the words you have listed. Make word – stress clear.

TEXTS AND PRACTICE

Activity 3: Pre-reading of Text 1

Answer this question: What do you understand by the term “governance”?
Make a list of things you would like to learn about governance.
Match the words on the left with their Vietnamese equivalents on the right:

1. governance

2. intertwined

3. economic levers

4. institution-building

5. widespread desire

6. to be nurtured

7. to institutionalize

8. patronage

9.property rights

a. xây dựng thể chế

b. quản trị (quản lý và cai trị)

c. thể chế hóa

d. đi đôi với nhau

e. sự đỡ đầu

f. các đòn bẩy kinh tế

g. mong muốn mở rộng

h. các quyền về tài sản

i. được thúc đẩy

Activity 4: Reading comprehension

Skim through the following text. What is its topic?

TOPIC: ................................................................................................................................................

Governance and development are currently viewed as intertwined. Good government is both a means and pre-condition of development and a development objective, bringing better quality of life. Development or economic growth is no longer solely a matter of economics and cannot be achieved by pulling a few economic levers.
In many countries, development efforts are undertaken in the context of strategies to achieve political stability, institution-building, popular participation and advocating human rights. While the goals of development, democracy and political stability may appear conflicting at times, there is a widespread desire among most people around the world for participation in the government, justice in the way they are treated and for a fair share of the benefits of economic progress.
The reform of government and improvement of governance often go hand in hand with reform and improvement of the economy. Economic reform without attention to the system of government will not give results unless a functioning and efficient government machine can be created and nurtured to generate support and sustain development efforts.
In practical terms, only a reformed government and improved governance can provide a reasonable amount of political stability, political and economic guidelines and an enabling framework of law for the development, operation and growth of private sector and market-oriented policies.
It is usually good government that is likely to institutionalize democracy through fair elections, provide an adequate system of police protection and a fair and impartial judiciary to guarantee the rule of law, place safeguards against patronage and corruption, arrange social services and a safety net for the poor and disadvantaged in society, provide infrastructure and utility services, and maintain a system of property rights so that individuals can enjoy the fruits of their labor without endangering the social goals.

Activity 5: What is the main idea?

Read again to find the most important ideas in each paragraph. (While reading ignore all the new words). For example:

Paragraph 1: Governance and development are currently viewed as intertwined.

Paragraph 2:........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................................

Paragraph 3:........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................................

Paragraph 4: ........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................................

Paragraph 5: ........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................................

Activity 6: Vocabulary work

Pair up words or phrases so that they make logical units:

1. development

2. utility

3. economic

4. better quality

5. to sustain

6. safeguards against

7. institution

8. property

a. levers

b. of life

c. development efforts
d. objectives

e. patronage and corruption

f. services

g. rights

h. building

Choose the correct word/expression to complete each sentence:
Nowadays, gender and ……………………….attract much attention from both academics and practitioners of public administration.
government
development
economics
It can be said that one of the major achievements of Vietnam in its transition is political ……………………..
rights
environment
stability
There is an obvious need to link administrative reforms with other reforms such as legal, ……………………., and SOEs reforms.
economic
service
enterprise
Alongside the state and civil society, …………………………. plays a vital role in governance issues.
the public sector
the private sector
industries

Activity 7: Sentence building

Write a complete sentence using each suggested word or phrase below in context.

Example: democracy The goals of development, democracy and political stability

may appear conflicting at times.

1. no longer ...........................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................................

2. institution-building ...........................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................................

3. human rights ...........................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................................

4. justice ...........................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................................

5. economic guidelines ...........................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................................

6. to enable smth ...........................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................................

7. to institutionalize democracy ..........................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................................

8. election ...........................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................................

9. to endanger smth ...........................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................................

10. to guarantee smth ...........................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................................

Activity 8: Summary

Summarize the text in 5 sentences:

...........................................................................................................................................................

Summarize the same text again in 3 sentences:

...........................................................................................................................................................

Activity 9: Fast reading

Read to locate the following ideas: which paragraph? Write the number of the paragraph in the box:

Một chính phủ tốt sẽ mang lại chất lượng cuộc sống tốt hơn cho người dân

Quản lý và phát triển hiện nay được xem nhưlà hai yếu tố gắn bó chặt chẽ với nhau.

Ở nhiều quốc gia, chiến lược phát triển nhằm mang lại sự ổn định về mặt chính trị và bảo đảm nhân quyền

Cải cách chính phủ và đẩy mạnh công tác quản lý phải đi đôi với công cuộc cải tổ kinh tế.

Trong điều kiện thực tế chỉ có một chính phủ đã được cải cách và công tác quản trị được cải thiện thì mới có thể đem lại sự ổn định chính trị, đường lối kinh tế chính trị phù hợp.

PARAGRAPH

Activity 10: Oral practice

Put the five ideas above into English. Don’t translate word for word.

Activity 11: Sentence structure

Economic reform without attention to the system of government will not result unless a functioning and efficient government machine can be created.

Câu này có hai mệnh đề: Mệnh đềchính là “Economic reform will not result”. Cụm giới từ“without attention to the system of government” bổnghĩa cho chủngữeconomic reform, nói rõ lại “cải cách kinh tếnào (cải cách kinh tếmà không quan tâm đến hệthống chính phủ). Mệnh đềphụ“unless a functioning and efficient government machine can be created” là mệnh đềđiều kiện bắt đầu bằng “unless”. Toàn bộcâu này là câu điều kiện thực, động từtrong mệnh đềđiều kiện ởthời hiện tại đơn giản (can be created), động từtrong mệnh đềchính là “will + V (will (not) result)”

Activity 12: Pronunciation practice

Mark the stress and intonation in the following sentences and then read them aloud:

Governance and development are currently viewed as intertwined.\
Development is no longer solely a matter of economics.
There is a wide desire for participation in the government.
The reform of government often goes hand in hand with economic reform.
It is usually good government that is likely to institutionalize democracy through fair elections.

EXTENSION

Activity 12: Pre-reading of Text 2

Match the words and expressions on the left with their definitions on the right:

1.pedominantly

2. impact

3. counterproductive

4. import substitution

5. irrigation

6. to reveal

7. dissemination

8. interventions

a.(instances of) interference or becoming involved

b. supplying (land, crops) with water

c. for the most part; mainly

d. having the opposite effect to that intended

e. to make (facts etc.) known

f. strong effect on sth.

g. support for struggling industry

h. spreading (ideas, beliefs etc.) widely

Activity 13: Text 2

a. Skim through the text to get a general understanding about the topic (note that the numbers are line numbers)

Strategies for Sustainable Growth and Equity

Poverty in Asia is predominantly rural. Macro-economic policies are generally viewed to be the most important contributors to economic growth in developing countries. Their impact on poverty, though, is rarely analyzed. Typically, higher growth rates reduce absolute levels of poverty but the application of too extensive distribution policies can be counterproductive.
High productivity of the agricultural sector is very important for reducing poverty. In countries where land is limited and agriculturally-led growth policies are not feasible, consideration should be given to public works policies as an alternative option.

10. Import substitution polices failed in Asian countries because they became a permanent protection for inefficient industries. Access to land, irrigation, credit, agricultural extension and market-based pricing policies, underpinned by good institutional mechanisms, can facilitate improvements in agricultural productivity.

15. Without good government none of the best intended policies can be effectively implemented. Experience from the Asia region has indeed revealed a positive correlation between economic growth and poverty alleviation and the quality of public administration.

To advance regional cooperation, UNDP could promote information dissemination on macro-economic policies and micro-level interventions that have proven to be effective in alleviating poverty in Asian countries.

Read the text again and look at the following questions:
What are considered to be the most important contributors to economic growth in developing countries?
What happens when the growth rates get higher?
Which sector is most likely to contribute to reducing poverty?
Why did import substitution policies fall in Asian countries?
Can the best intended policies be effectively implemented without good governance?

Activity 14:

Read the text again to mark on which line(s) you find the answer to each question. The first answer is given as an example:

Question	Line
1	1 + 2
2
3
4
5

Answer the question in writing. Don’t copy sentences directly from the text:

Question 1: ........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................................

Question 2: ........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................................

Question 3: ........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................................

Question 4: ........................................................................................................................................

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Question 5: ........................................................................................................................................

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Individual/pair work. Summarize the text in 5 sentences:

1. ........................................................................................................................................................

2. ........................................................................................................................................................

3. ........................................................................................................................................................

4. ........................................................................................................................................................

5. ........................................................................................................................................................

f.Class work: Present your summary before the class.

D. HOMEWORK

Exercise 1: Complementary reading

Read the following text and answers the questions at its end:

Administrative and Financial Decentralization. Contemporary challenges such as urbanization, the need for enhanced gender equality in governance and effective protection of the environment all require increasingly holistic approaches. In dealing with these important issues, decentralization of government tasks and functions has a number of advantages. Enhanced efficiency and effectiveness in decision-making and resource utilization and better accountability and responsiveness are important benefits of decentralization. A decentralized system of governance should promote enhanced political stability, more balance growth, effective and efficient service delivery, and appropriate balance of power between central and local governments and grassroots participation in decision-making. The degree of decentralization, however, will vary according to local needs, requirements and capabilities. In the view of some participants, the necessary conditions for decentralization were not yet in place for their countries. A number of constraints impeding decentralization were identified such as general lack of capacity of local government and civil society.

Civil Society – Government Cooperation in Poverty Alleviation. The general experience with government-run poverty alleviation programmes in Asia has not been encouraging. This dissatisfying performance is of particular importance as the levels of poverty are on the increase despite economic success in many Asian countries. To improve the performance of these programmes, Asian governments are increasingly entering into partnerships with civil society organizations (CSOs). It is important for CSOs to build up a reputation for being responsive to community and government requests, for transparent handling of donor funds and for complementing government action rather than duplicating it. Mistrust often exists between these two parties due to lack of information about each other’s role and goals and because of perceived competition for financial resources. However, the Asian experience demonstrates many encouraging examples of civil society – government cooperation in poverty alleviation.

Capacity of Management Training Institutions. The preconditions for strengthening the effectiveness of management training institutions in the region were identified as enhanced resource mobilization, a proper management structure and the effective use of a strategic development programme to guide the operation of these institutions. Only in Malaysia and Japan do such institutions appear to have adequate governmental support. However, management training institutions will increasingly have to seek collaboration with the private sector by tailoring courses that meet its needs, offering consultancy services, conferring degrees and undertaking research. Malaysia provides a good example of a country in which government management training institutions have been able to foster a close relationship with the private sector. Poor governance and leadership have become significant constraints to enhancing the capacity of such institutions. There is a great need to update the syllabuses and curricula of training institutions and to make them more innovative.

Legal and Political Impediments to Gender Equality in Governance. Despite Asia’s impressive economic growth rate and significant national investments in basic social services, poverty and gender inequality remain pervasive throughout the region. These inequalities are compounded by various types of political and legal impediments to women’s participation in governance. Women make immense contributions to society and economic activities, many of which are not accounted for in traditional national accounts. Women’s entry into political and legal structures in sufficient number is likely to transform the processes and institutions of governance. Women’s participation in governance, however, is impeded by a number of factors such as people’s mindsets; limited access to education; legal constraints; women’s passiveness and a lack of machinery for the advancement of women. To improve the status of women, participants recommended the following actions: electoral and institutional reforms (e.g. establishment of a Ministry of Women’s Affairs and/or a quota system); integration of a gender dimension in development planning; improved access for women to education and removal of various legal impediments to forming groups.

Changing Role of the State in Promoting Participatory Development. The concept of development has moved from a preoccupation with economic growth to a focus on people, particularly the satisfaction of the basic needs of the poor. In this context, the state enables by providing the development vision, legal and regulatory framework and political order within which firms and organizations can plan and act. An enabling state is not restrictive but regulative and supportive. The state can promote more participatory development by recognizing outstanding performances by NGOs and by setting up consultative bodies to foster such collaboration. The state should provide strategic guidance and promote the work of NGOs through regulation and legislation especially in areas where the capacity of the state is weak. NGOs can also serve as a vehicle to empower women and strengthen their participation in the development and political process. The state could further promote participatory development by articulating a clear vision and strategy for development, developed through consensus at all levels. NGOs could foster this development by ensuring that their objectives are compatible with national goals.

Changing Role of the State in Promoting Private Sector Development. The Asian experience demonstrates some very good examples where the private sector has been an important contributor to economic and social development. In other Asian countries, however, the involvement of the private sector has been much less effective. The main explanation for the significant variations in economic and social performance in countries of the Asia region appears to be their different systems of governance. What is needed in the slower growing Asian countries is to create a dynamic relationship between effective government policies and the private sector. In order to revive the private sector in these countries, governments need to undertake a number of measures, including the promotion of a dialogue between the private sector and the government and the establishment of a well-functioning system of property rights and a judicial system for arbitration.

Answer the following questions:

What are benefits of administrative and financial decentralization?

There are problems when governments are entering into partnerships with civil society organizations (CSOs). Why is it important to involve CSOs in the development process?

In what ways can the capacity of management training institutions be improved?

What are impediments to women’s participation in governance? How could one improve the status of women?

Can you explain the new role of the state as an enabling state in the development process?

What do government need to do to revive the private sector in their countries?

E. REVIEW TEST

You have 30 minutes to complete the following test. When you have finished, your teacher will give you the key and you will mark your own answer.

Test 1: Vietnamese-English translation

Sựtăng trưởng kinh tếđòi hỏi (require) sựphối hợp của nhiều ngành.

...........................................................................................................................................................

Nhiều nước đang phát triển có những chiến lược phát triển rất tốt.

...........................................................................................................................................................

Sựcải tổchính phủphải đi đôi với (go hand in hand with) sựcải thiện kinh tế

...........................................................................................................................................................

Một chính phủđã được cải tổthường mang lại sựổn định chính trị.

...........................................................................................................................................................

Chính phủViệt Nam ban hành những chính sách kinh tếthịtrường theo định hướng xã hội chủnghĩa.

...........................................................................................................................................................

(2.5 points)

Test 2: English-Vietnamese translation

1. The goals of development, democracy and political stability may appear to be in conflict at times.

...........................................................................................................................................................

2. An efficient government machine and support generated to economic reform sustain development efforts.

...........................................................................................................................................................

3. A good government is likely to institutionalize democracy through fair elections.

...........................................................................................................................................................

4. Governance always refers to the highest level of decision-making.

...........................................................................................................................................................

5. Governance refers to the exercise of constitutional authority to manage state affairs.

...........................................................................................................................................................

(2.5 points)

Test 3: Write complete sentences

governance/synonymous with/ good government

...........................................................................................................................................................

There be/variation/understanding/term/governance

...........................................................................................................................................................

Reformed government/provide/political stability

...........................................................................................................................................................

Good government/provide/impartial judiciary/to guarantee/rule of law

...........................................................................................................................................................

Good government/arrange/good social services

...........................................................................................................................................................

(5points)

UNIT 1: ADMINISTRATION – PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION

A. INTRODUCTORY ACTIVITIES

Activity 1: Nice to meet you

In pairs, use your spoken English to get to know each other, then introduce your partner to the whole class.

Activity 2: Finding expectations

In groups of five, discuss then select and prioritize four of five outcomes that you expect from this course of English for Public Administration.

B. TEXTS AND PRACTICE

Activity 3: Pre-reading of Text 1

Which of these words or phrases do you associate with the concept of administration? Can you explain your choice?

cooperation

service

having power

coordination

doing things for someone else

controlling people

office work

the state

taking charge of things

running a company

Activity 4: Text 1

Reading the following text about administration and find answers to these questions:

1. What are the two original meanings of “to administer”?

2. Do “administer” and “manage” mean the same thing?

Text 1: Administration

The term “administration” has a long history. Some authors consider that the term coincides with the formation of the state long ago. According to Dunsire, A. (1973, p: 1) “the classical Latin verb, as used by Cicero for instance, had two apparently distinct senses: to help, assist, or serve…; and to manage, direct, or govern…”. We can see the hint of a combination of the two principal senses, “directing” and “assisting” at the same time. The verb “administer” in various contexts can be translates as “minister” which can also mean “serve” or “servant”. Another meaning of the verb can be understood as “to run”. For example, to run the state.
Although originally “administer” and “manage” had some similar meanings, e.g. “looking after things” or “taking charge of” or getting things done”, “administration” has a subtler and more extended series of meanings. R.J.S.Baker (1972, p: 13) wrote: “It (administration) is more usually found in the public sector than the private and, in general, carries an implication, not of control, but of directing and coordinating things on behalf of other people or authorities. It is often connected with some notion of service”. This argument clarifies further the meaning of “administration” as government or direction “in the implementation of a given purpose or end; or as “direction” or “execution” in the interest of someone else. H. A. Simon et al (1970, p:11) wrote “In its broadest sense, administration can be defined as the activities of groups cooperating to accomplish common goals”.

Activity 5: Vocabulary work

Match the words/phrases on the left with their definitions on the right. The first word is done for you as an example.

to administer
to coincide
to serve

to minister
to run
to take charge of
the public sector

authority
execution

activity

to be in charge of
to opposite of “the private sector”
person or group having the power to give orders or take action
to control the affairs of
to happen at the same time
specific thing or things done
to give active help or service to sb/sth.
to be responsible for
to carry out or performance of a piece of work, plan, duty.
performance of duties

Activity 6: Summary

Summarize the text in four sentences, two sentences for each paragraph.

Paragraph 1: ........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................................

Paragraph 2: ........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................................

Activity 7: Pre-reading of Text 2

Before you read text 2, make sure you know the meaning of the following words/phrases which are underlined in the text (you can look in a good dictionary, or ask your deskmate or your teacher).

public administration

practitioners

public services

public employees

institution

behavioral

administrative power

academics

technical skills

structure

general election

relationship

occupational

regulatory power

Pronunciation: With the help of your teacher, read aloud the given words and phrases. Make stresses clear.

Activity 8: Read the following text as fast as you can.`

What do you think is the topic of this text? Write down the topic once you have decided.

TOPIC: ................................................................................................................................................

Although the notion of public administration is as old as government, understanding about it still differs among different academics and practitioners. Debate is still going on about whether public administration is art of science. There is no doubt that some people have a gift for administration and become natural administrators. However, one may say that the artist is useless without necessary tools – without the technical skills (the science) that allow for the digestion and transference of information. It is, therefore, pointless to argue whether the practice of public administration is more art or science; it is inherently both. In addition, there is a view that public administration is a profession (Lawrence, 1997) which includes whatever the public employees of the world do; ranging from typing documents to running general elections. Although these people do not always think of themselves as public administrators, identifying themselves in their specific professions, they nevertheless provide public services.

The results of all these debates and arguments are very different definitions of public administration. Fletcher (1967, pp: 53-54) explained that “Public administration can be used to denote: (1) The activity of public servants; (2) The structure of executive government: that is the institutions and patterns of relationships through which the activity of public servants is carried on; (3) The study of 1 and 2”. Put another way, as a subject, public administration “focuses pre-eminently on the institutions, organizational structures and decision/implementation processes of government” (quoted by John, G & Wilson, D, 1989, p: 2). It can be noted that while considering public administration as “the activity of civil servants”, this meaning is very narrow and focuses only on day-by-day work of the public servants. Furthermore, “the study” is concerned mainly with the objective side of public administration as “executive in action” to implement the system of executive power, omitting the subjective, behavioral side. In 1987 Waldo gave this definition: “(1) Public administration is the organization and management of men and materials to achieve the purposes of government. (2) Public administration is the art and science of management as applied to affairs of the state.” A decade later, while considering that public administration is too vast to encompass it all within one definition, Shafritz & Russell provided eighteen definitional discussions and grouped them into four categories: (1) political, (2) legal, (3) managerial, and (4) occupational (Shafritz & Russell, 1997, pp. 7-32).

Given the complexity of the function of public administration and also the scope of government at the present time, the following description is deployed: (1) Public administration is a power named “administrative power”, one component of the executive power (which may be divided into administrative power that is the power to organize, run and manage the administrative system itself, and regulatory power that is the power to issue by-laws and regulatory documents to implement laws). It is the power to organize and manage the state administrative machinery to conduct the operation of the state; (2) A system of public bodies including the government, various ministries and central agencies, local authorities, and other public institutions which have the competence to organize and regulate socio-economic processes and the actions of different organizations and citizens; (3) A set of institutions namely administrative institutions comprising of legal and regulatory documents and rules to govern the organizations; and (4) The action of public servants in the bureaucracy.

Activity 9: True or false?

Now read the text again and say if the following statements are true of false. Write T for true or F for false. The first sentence is done for you as an example.

--T-- 1. The notion of public administration has a long history.

----- 2. There is a consensus about the scope of public administration.

----- 3. Public administration is both an art and a science.

----- 4. Public administration is also a profession.

----- 5. Definitions of public administration are generally agreed upon.

----- 6. The meaning of public administration as “the activity of civil servants” is very narrow.

----- 7. Public administration is a power, namely “administrative power”.

----- 8. Public administration is not comprised of public bodies.

----- 9. Public administration is a set of institutions, namely administrative institutions.

----- 10. Public administration is an action of public servants.

Activity 10: Answer the following questions

What do you understand about public administration as an art?
What do you understand about public administration as a science?
Who considers public administration as a profession?
What does public administration include as a profession?
What is the definition of public administration given by Fletcher?
What is the definition of public administration given by Waldo?
What are the components of the executive power?
What do you understand by “administrative institutions”?

Activity 11: What is the main idea?

Read again carefully to find the most important idea in each paragraph. Paragraph 1 is done for you as an example.

Paragraph 1: Public administration is both an art and a science, and even a profession.

Paragraph 2 (3-4 minutes) ...................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................................

Paragraph 3 (3-4 minutes) ...................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................................

Activity 12: Pronunciation

Stress

Words ending in –tion have at least two syllables or more. Now listen to the nouns ending in –tion. Mark the stressed syllable.
The list:

administration

addition

definition

organization

implementation

information

election

institution

decision

regulation

Study the list again. Can you tell what the rule is for stress in words ending in –tion?

Activity 13: Group discussion

What is your definition of administration and public administration? Discuss in groups of four or five, then tell the rest of the class what you decided.

C. EXTENSION

Activity 14: Rule for the use of Present Simple and Present Xontinuous tenses

Study the following explanations and compare the examples:

Present Simple

Present Continuous

Use the simple tense for things in general or things that happen repeatedly.

………………I do…………………

past now future

Examples:

Water boils at 100 degrees celsius.

Some authors consider that the term “administration” coincides with the formation of the state long ago.
Use the simple for a permanent situation

Examples:

Thu is hardworking. She works very hard most of the time.
My brother’s family lives in Ho Chi Minh City. They have lived there for more than ten years.

Use the continuous tense for something that is happening at or around the time of speaking. The action is not finished.

I am doing

past now future

Examples:

The water is boiling. Can you turn it off?
I’m going to school now.

Goodbye.
Use the continuous for a temporary situation

Examples:

“You’re working hard today”.

“Yes, I’ve got a lot to do.”

He’s living with some friends until he finds a flat.

Administration …………………. (carry) an implication of directing and coordinating things on behalf of other people or authorities.
The director general cannot meet you now. He ………….. (chair) an important meeting.
Hurry up! Everybody ……………….(wait) for you.
Public administration ……………….(focus) on the institutions, organizational structures and decision/implementation processes of government.
‘What ………………………. (your husband/do)?’ ‘He’s an inspector but he ……………. (not/work) at the moment.
The President is in London at the moment. He ……………. (stay) at the Park Hotel. He …………………(always/stay) there when he’s in London.
An is very untidy. He …………………(always/leave) his papers all over the workplace.
Thu and Nam…………………..(learn) English now in the classroom at the National Academy of Public Administration.
We usually …………………..(work) in the Ministry of Trade but this month we ………………… (go) on a study visit to Singapore.
Normally my wife ……………….(finish) work at 5.00, but this week she ………………(work) until 6.00 to finish all the documents.

Activity 15: Filling in the gaps

Complete the following paragraph. Fill in each gap with the most suitable word you can find.

According to many authors, public administration is ………… (1) as the executive in action. It is important to note that ………….. (2) administration not only forms the largest part of government, it …………. (3) at the heart of the policy process. Public administration, at the same time, holds the responsibility for the …………… (4) of this policy. It can be distinguished from ……………. (5) administration.

D. HOMEWORK

Exercise 1: Translation

Translate the following sentences into Vietnamese:

Although the term “public administration” has a long history, there is not a general consensus about it.

...........................................................................................................................................................

My parents work for government organizations. They are considered to be public servants.

...........................................................................................................................................................

At present, the British government consists of about fifteen departments, also called ministries.

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Translate the following sentences into English:

Vợtôi thường đi làm vào lúc 7 giờsang, song tuần này cô ấy đi làm từ6 giờđểchuẩn bịbáo cáo thường kỳ cho ông giám đốc.

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Ngài bộtrưởng hiện đang nghiên cứu vềhệthống hành chính công của Vương quốc Anh tại Luân Đôn.

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Nền hành chính công là nơi thực thi các chính sách của nhà nước.

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Exercise 2: Complementary reading:

Read the following text and answer the questions that follow.

Administration – Public Administration

Administration:

There are different interpretations of the term “administration” according to various approaches. Administration can be considered from economic, juridical and social aspects and we can make a distinction between Public Administration and Private Administration.

Public Administration:

The term is commonly used in countries where a market economy is developed and the private sector plays an important role. It is used to distinguish it from Private Administration. Public Administration can be seen in three aspects:

1 – It is a power named “Administrative Power”. This is an important component of the Executive power, which consist of the Regulatory and Administrative powers.

Regulatory power is the power of executive bodies to issue regulatory acts under the law to implement state management work according to the law. Only the bodies in the executive system with the function of state management and on behalf of the State have the power issue regulatory acts to implement the law.

Administrative power is the power to organize and manage the State’s administrative machinery to conduct the work of the State, the power to govern all activities with lateral right, as the one on behalf of the State. In this case, administration means the State management or ruling.

Generally speaking, while considering administration as a power, we can understand that it is an entity organizations and operational statute of the executive machinery responsible for day-to-day work of the State conducted by the bodies which have the public power. This is the management of all areas of socio-economic life to carry out the political task, keep the public order, protect the rights of citizens and serve the daily needs of citizens. In this meaning administration is a functional system of the State which ensure the implementation of the executive power and continuous operation of state machinery.

2 – Public Administration is an institution formed by a system of public power bodies including the Government, various ministries, people’s committees, public institutions, which have the competence to organize and regulate all the socio-economic processes and the actions of different organizations or citizens by regulatory acts under the laws.

3 – Administration is action. It is the concrete day-to-day work to implement the guidelines of the manager. The work consists of drafting, printing, keeping documents etc. The meaning is very narrow.

Public Administration is a component of the state machinery, involved in the political system and having the task to conduct state power.

Answer the following questions:

1. Are there many understandings of the terms “administration” and “public administration”?

2. From which aspects can administration be considered?

3. Where is the term “public administration” commonly used? Explain why.

4. What are the main contents of regulatory power?

5. What can we say about administration as a power?

E. REVIEW TEST

You have 20 minutes to complete the following test. When you have finished, your teacher will give you the key and you will mark your own answers.

Test 1: Filling in the gaps

Find words or phrases used in this unit to fill in the gaps in the following sentences:

The classical Latin …………… , as used by Cicero for instance, had two apparently distinct senses.
Administration is more usually found in the ……………. Sector than the private.
Public administration is seen as an art, a ………………, and a profession.
Public administration can be used to denote the ……………… of public sevants.
The executive power may be divided into administrative power and ……………… power.

(5 points)

Test 2: Right or wrong?

Are the underlined verbs right or wrong? Correct the verbs that are wrong.

The argument clarifies further the meaning of “administration”.

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The manager writes a report to the director general now.

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The water boils. Can you turn the gas off?

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I hear you’ve got a new job. How do you get on?

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My family lives in Hanoi.

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Thứ Sáu, 8 tháng 11, 2013

Hướng dẫn cách up lại firmwares nguyên gốc của Galaxy S3, S2...

Nếu đã root máy mà muốn quay về với firmwares gốc ta làm như sau:
1. Download firmwares gốc tại trang http://www.sammobile.com/firmwares/2/
Giải nén ra máy tính
2. Đưa S3 về chế độ Recovery (bấm cùng lúc 3 phím Home + Volume up + Power)

3. Wipe Data/Factory reset
4. Wipe Cache
5. Tháo pin ra sau đó gắn lại
6. Đưa máy về chế độ Download MODE (bấm cùng lúc 3 phím Home + Volume Down + Power)
7. Mở odin tại mục PDA bấm chọn file vừa giải nén có đuôi *.tar.md5
Bấm START!
Done!

Download Odin3_v3.04